cummings



(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet i.

U. CUMMINGS.

HYDRAULIU TE$TING MACHINE.

No. 322,800. Patented-July 21, 1885.

Nv PETERS. Phokrliihognphnn Wahhvllun. E C- (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

U. CUMMINGS.

HYDRAULIC TESTING MACHINE.

y Patented July 21 1885 llIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIQmIIIIIIID FNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

URIAH CUMMINGS, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK.

HYDRAULIC TESTING-MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 322,800, dated July 21, 1885.

Application filed April 3', 1885. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, URIAH CUMMINGS, of the city of Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Testing Machines, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to an improvement in that class of machines which are employed for testing the tensile strength of hydraulic cement, and has for its object to produce a simple, compact, and efficient machine for testing the tensile strength of cement briquettes by hydraulic pressure.

My invention consists to that end of the improvements in the construction of the machine which will be hereinafter fully set forth, and pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawings, consisting of two sheets, Figure 1 is a front elevation of the testing-machine having its movable jaw operated by two cylinders. Fig. 2 is an end elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 4 is a horizontal section in line :0 00, Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a sectional elevation inlineyy, Fig. 1. Fig. 6is afront elevation of a machine having its movable jaw operated by a single piston. Fig. 7 is a top plan view of the same. Fig. 8 is a horizontal section in line a; m, Fig. 6. Figs. 9 and 10 are sectional elevations, at right angles to each other, of the check-valve and stop-cock interposed between the pressure-cylinder and the pressure-gage.

Like letters of reference refer to like parts in the several figures.

A represents the briquette made of the hydraulic cement or other material to be tested, and having the usual form-viz., enlarged end portions, a, connected by a contracted neck, a, which is to be ruptured, and which has a cross-sectional area of one square inch.

B represents the stationary jaw or base of the machine containing theworking-piston G and horizontal cylinder or bore 0, in which the latter works; The piston O is attached to the inner end of ahorizontal screw, d, which works in a threaded bushing, d, secured in the outer end of the bore 0, and carries at its outer end a hand-wheel, D.

e 9 represent two pressure-cylinders arranged vertically in the base B and connected at their lower ends with the bore a by transverse bores ff, a longitudinal bore, f, and a vertical bore, f so that the liquid which is displaced from the bore 0 by forcing, the piston C inwardly enters the pressure-cylinder e throughthe bores f f f.

g is a depressed seat formed in the face side of the base B for the reception of one end of the briquette A.

H represents the movable jaw or cross-head arranged above the base B and provided on its face side with a depressed seat, h, for the reception of the other end of the briquette,

the contracted neck of the latter being located between the'seats g and h.

I I represent two pressure-pistons secured to the movable jaw H and fitting tightly in the vertical cylinders e 6, so as to be raised by the liquid which is forced into the cylinders 6, thereby moving the jawH away from the base and tearing the briquette. The aggregate area of the pressure-pistons I is equal to the area of the contracted neck a of the briquette.

K represents a pressure-gage connected with the upper end of the vertical bore f 2 by a pipe, k, to indicate the pressure per square inch at which the briquette is torn apart.

L is a stop-cock arranged in the pipe between the base B and the pressure-gage K.

Z represents the casing, and l the plug of the stop-cock L.

m represents a check-valve arranged in the pipe or conduit is below the gage K to close the conduit when the pressure is removed by tearing the briquette.

n represents the valve-seat formed in the casing 1 above the plug Z, and a is the valvest-em resting on the plug 1, which latter is flattened on its upper side to clear the stem at when said flattened side is in a horizontal position, and permit the valve to rest on its seat, as represented in Fig. 10.

Upon turning'the screw d so as to force the piston O inwardly in the cylinder 0, the liquid contained in the cylinder and connecting-passages of the base B is forced against the pistons I, whereby a graduallyincreasing upward pressure is applied to the movable jaw H until the briquette is ruptured. The liquid exerts the same pressure upon the pressuregage which it exerts upon the movable jaw, and as soon as the briquette is ruptured and the pressure in the base B is relieved the check-valve m closes and maintains the maximum pressure in the gage K, thereby preventingits hand from flying back. When it is desired to return the hand to the starting-point, the plug Z is turned slightly, when the fiattened upper side of the plug, in turning with the plug, assumes an inclined position, and thereby serves as a lifter and raises the valve sufficiently from its seat to relieve the pressure. In this manner the pressure indicated by the gage is more readily observed, and injury to the gage by the sudden removal of the pressure is avoided. The pistons I hold the movable jaw H rigidly against lateral movement, so that the movable jaw has a rectilinear movement, whereby only a straight tensile strain is applied to the briquette.

In the construction represented in Figs. 6, 7, and 8 the movable jaw is actuated by a single piston, I, which moves horizontally. The movable jaw is provided with horizontal bars 0 above and below the pressure cylinder e, and connected with the single piston I by a Vertical piece, 0. The stationary jaw of the machine is made tubular in form, and provided with supporting-legs, p.

I claim as my invention- 1. In a machine for testing the tensile strength of materials by hydraulic pressure, the combination, with a stationary jaw containing a working-cylinder and piston and a pressure cylinder, of a movable jaw provided with a pressure-piston, whereby the movable jaw is moved away from the stationary jaw until the material which is being tested is torn asunder, substantially as set forth.

2. In a testing machine, the combination, with a stationary jaw containing a workingcylinder and piston and apressure cylinder,

of a movable jaw provided with pressure-piston and guided to move in a straight line and held rigidly against lateral displacement, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with the fixed jaw B, provided with a working-cylinder, c, and piston O, and a pressurecylinder, e, connected with the cylinder 0, of the movable jaw H, provided with a pressure piston, l, substantially as set forth.

4. The combination, wit-h the fixed jaw '13, provided with upright pressure-cylinders, e e, working-cylinder c, and piston O, and a seat, 9, of the movable jaw H, provided with apressure-piston, I, and a seat, h, substantially as set forth.

5. The combination, with the jaws of a hydraulic testing machine, of a pressure gage communicating with the pressure-chamber of the jaws, and a check valve interposed between the gage and the pressurechamber, whereby the communication is interrupted when the pressure is removed, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, with thejaws of a hydraulic testingmachine, of a pressure gage communicating with the pressure-chamber of the jaws, a check-valve whereby the communication is interrupted when the pressure is removed, and a lifter whereby the valve can be raised to relieve the gage, substantiallyas set forth. p

7. The combination, with the jaws of a hydraulic testing-machine, of a pressure gage, K, a check-valve, m, arranged below the, gage, and a stop-cock, L, arranged below the checkvalve and adapted to raise the same when required, substantially as set forth.

NVitness my hand this 30th day of March,

URIAH CUMMINGS.

Witnesses:

S. A. Ormsn, JNo. J. BONNER. 

